The Cost Of College Is Too High For Every Student

Today, degrees are reflecting strongly on people’s lives. The cost of college has become too high for every student or parent to afford, which makes it impossible for everyone to obtain a degree. College level has become too tough and beyond student’s reach and abilities, not anyone who obtaining a degree can get through other majors, such as physics or math, degrees don’t evaluate your skills neither your efforts. For the most important, jobs in our market have been evaluating their applicants’ qualifications through their degrees. Degrees demand beyond the reach of people’s abilities and solutions should be suggested to undermine degrees as a job qualification. The president thinks of improving education with expanding the use of†¦show more content†¦Today, many computer programmers without college degrees get jobs by presenting examples of their work. With a little imagination, almost any corporation can come up with analogous work samples†(Murray 2). Although not everyone has the intellectual ability to do college work but that doesn’t make them not have the skills for a job. Twisting percentages in education would be a good idea for students who are not up to college level. In generally, many of college students drop out and clearly many of them get on campus without gaining the skills and knowledge in their freshman and sophomore years to succeed. Jobs and education aren’t always related. Education shouldn’t always be the reason for getting a well payed job but rather your skills, not everything you study in college is remembered and a research by Murray supports his point which states that, â€Å"Ab out 10 percent to 20 percent of all 18-year-olds can absorb the material in your old liberal arts textbooks. For engineering and the hard sciences, the percentage is probably not as high as 10.† (Murray 1). In my community, most of the Americans say that the higher education system in the United States fell and didn’t provide students with good value for the money. In addition, even at times college presidents not only rated the quality of higher education lower than before, but also rated students lower as well. According to Adam, â€Å"About 60 percent said high schools

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Under International Law

Same-sex marriage is a very controversial topic around the world. This is because people have mixed views about the issue at hand. Religion plays a big part in people’s view points on the matter. However, the question is should same sex marriage be legal under international law? Same-sex marriage should be legal under international law because everybody has the right to get married without legal discrimination. More and more governments each year around the world are considering legalizing same-sex marriages. Almost every year since 2009, at least one country in the world recognizes or allows same-sex marriage to happen. Over twenty countries have already legalized same-sex marriages in their nation. These countries include: United†¦show more content†¦It started back in July of 2013 when they launched â€Å"Free Equal†. This is a massive campaign intended specifically to advocate same-sex marriage and other LGBT concerns at the UN and around the world . At the time, the Secretary General openly stated that he believes same-sex marriage is a human right: â€Å"Human rights are at the core of the mission of the United Nations. I am proud to stand for greater equality for all staff, and I call on all members of our UN family to unite in rejecting homophobia as discrimination that can never be tolerated at our workplace†. Ban Ki-moon, the 8th Secretary General of the UN, commented on the United States Supreme Court case Obergefell v. Hodges by saying, â€Å"A great step forward. Denying couples legal recognition of their relationship opens the door to widespread discrimination.† This shows the growth and change of open mindedness all around the world over past centuries (Public Discourse). Deserting the traditionally narrow-minded outlook towards international law when concerning to same-sex marriage circumstances, it will also bring federal courts in step with trends in overseas jurisdictions. For instance, the Courts in New Zealand and also South Africa have specifically appealed to Article 26 of the ICCPR when ruling on the lawfulness of same-sex marriage. In New Zealand, because of the court case Quilter v. Attorney-General decision, same sex marriage isShow MoreRelatedChanges Law Of Same Sex Marriage1624 Words   |  7 PagesChanges Law of Same Sex â€Æ' The issue of gay marriage has been with a great deal of civil argument. Many people have taken stands that favour their position on the issue of same sex marriage. The reasons given against same sex marriage are that they are not according to the social norms and practices. They also state that they are not likely to hold. The position held by others that same sex marriage should be allowed states that those who want to practice should not be interfered with. Too manyRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex relationships relate to when a man or woman are attracted to someone of the same gender of themselves. It is being rejected as same gender marriage denies the obvious purpose between a man and a women which is procreation (Richardson-Self, 2012). Denying same sex couples the legal right to get married, could mean that they are being denied their basic human rights to enjoy human benefits (Richardson-Self, 2012). However, the opposing vi ew is that if gay marriage was granted the legal rightsRead MoreThe Debate Over The Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1264 Words   |  6 Pagesongoing debate over the legalization of same-sex marriage within America. 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Gender equal ity is achieved when women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society, including economicRead MoreMarital Rape And Sexual Rape1177 Words   |  5 Pageswhom the victim is married. Many decades passed before there was ever a law against marital rape, even today India, along with other countries do not have a law against it. Some people will say marital rape is impossible and others will say it is totally possible and is considered an actual rape. Mandal says, if the legal category of rape implies sex without consent and the legal understanding of marriage entails compulsory sex, then the two will be considered mutually exclusive and the very notionRead MoreGay Marriage Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of gay marriage has been stirring controversy among the nation for some years. Previously considered a taboo subject and only discussed within the gay community, the issue of gay marriage has made it to the forefront of national headlines. 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Tesco Advertisement Analysis Free Essays

Advertisement analysis –Tesco’s 1097 We humans are programmed or born with the inherent desire to satiate our needs. Freud talked of this primitive libido, this innate need of humanity to want (perhaps for self-preservation ultimately. ) Freud argued about the importance of the unconscious mind in understanding conscious thought and behaviour . We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Advertisement Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advertising has tapped into this primitive human libido or want desire. Advertisers use the unconscious mind to foist implicit and explicit signs and signifiers, applying cultural connotations, employing exclusion as much as inclusion, the advertiser’s intention is to gain a proliferation of positive attention for their product. I have selected an advertisement made for Tesco’s ‘Fair-trade fortnight’, found in The Guardian’s weekend supplement. We read adverts as a whole, unconsciously absorbing all of the elements, signs, implicit and explicit, that are designed to work in unison. The mental short-hand we use for deciphering pictures and words to decode them, which is especially pertinent to advertising, immediately informs us that the advertisement is not for pleasure, but for our attention; to encourage us to choose one brand over another, and to consume. Tesco’s advert implicitly implies nature’s bounty with its visual choice of hessian and wicker staging, the use of cardboard for the pricing tickets suggestive of company ethics imbued with moral high-ground. The foreground is awash with pictorial suggestions of far-off fields and farming, with healthy, working age, seemingly relaxed workers, enjoying their tasks in the sun. The advert presents what we in the West would consider every day luxuries. The visual signifiers of consumable pleasure: bananas, coffee, chocolate, nuts; these are all food stuffs that cannot be produced in Britain. Freud’s theory of the Id would tap into our want of these luxuries. The future consumer, having seen the product, may acknowledge the want, and convert it into a reality, quenching (Freud’s theory of) the Ego. Utilising this want the advert infers that via fair-trade, the consumer is able to go further afield for this produce, enabling the want without moral reproach; not only can the human have what it desires, but it can achieve it without guilt, assuaging (Freud’s theory of) the Superego and its connotations of the punitive. Tesco’s advert plays on this wish-fulfilment that drives the human in its quest for quelling desire. In very large type, mimicking handwriting, he title of the advert shrieks Every little helps, playing on the loyal fan bases need to spend little, but likely, (with the fair-trade theme of the advert) to be an explicit enticement for a more affluent customer experiencing financial strain, to switch from the more high end supermarkets to a more basic and affordable one. The main body of the advert is fairly utilitarian; implicitly signifying that this is a necessity buy, an advert with a more glamorous look is often aimed at the encouragement or stimulat ion of consumption of a luxury purchase. A secondary heading of Fair-trade fortnight uses alliteration to make it a memorable tag-line. The advert has a (relatively small) label icon, imploring the consumer to show off their label. This provides the function of anchoring the implied ethic with imagery, suggests that whilst indulging in wish fulfilment we can improve the plight of our third world neighbours. This is secondary to the advertisers aim though, the intention is to sell. This advertisement seems aimed at a predominantly white population, it almost romanticises the areas of food production that have, until recently, been visually and consciously concealed. Tesco’s original ‘pile it high and sell it cheap’ stance had affects elsewhere on food producers further down the chain, but of course these were silent until relatively recently and the public are now beginning to recognise that a small monetary cost to buy, leads to exploitation in unseen societies elsewhere. Tesco’s has chosen a very natural packaging style for this advert, eschewing its usual cheaper less environmental counterpart. Aspiration is represented within the advert and the packaging, as the ethics of food is seen to be grounded in the middle-classes, (a non necessity, therefore first taking hold within the wealthier citizens). It’s notable that emblazoned in red, 20% off in a disproportionally large circle, the advertiser’s ace card, utilising the subliminal; humans notice red for obvious physiological reasons. Beneath it also swathed in scarlet a loyalty device, Keep earning club points, promoting a new buying habit for residual customers, and hoping to retain new and more affluent consumers. As food production awareness gathers momentum the company has to redirect its approach to continue to flourish. To replace Tesco’s old persona with a new more ethically aware substitute, maybe a much needed new PR strategy. Openly presenting their increasing awareness and support for fair-trade, but veiling the capitalist strategy, behind the promotion must surely be statistical evidence that fair-trade purchases in Britain are on the increase. Tesco’s may be watching these changing retail trends and thinking it is a very good time indeed to promote a more ethical persona. Tesco’s has recently been dragged through the politicisation and higher public awareness of the food industry, its origins and ethics. This heightened awareness culminated in a tactic by protestors, mocking the Tesco’s logo, reproducing it onto t-shirts, but replacing Tesco with Fiasco. In the public domain there exists such proselysatizations as a Face Book group, actively encouraging the public to boycott Tesco’s stores. Gillian Rose says that ‘the rendering [of an image] is never innocent. She discusses whether the meanings of an image may be presented ‘explicitly or implicitly, consciously or consciously’ . Our reaction to an image is likely to be informed by the cultural implications associated with that image, and the connotation it conjures within our understanding. In Fyfe and Law’s work they state that we must enquire into a visualisation’s provenance, and note its principles of inclusion and exclusion in order understand it. Therefore I end my piece about Tesco’s campaign with this fact from Tesco’s PLC (website). In the five year summary report the graph clearly shows that each employee generates ? 14,303 million pounds, (2010). This fact is not advertised by Tesco’s, and is as inexplicit as possible. It would be a fair appraisal to state, should Tesco’s customers be consciously aware of the profit margins they may be less comfortable shopping there. Bibliography Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams Gillian Rose, Visual Methodologies Jonathan Bignell, Media semiotics http://www. tescoplc. com/plc/ir/, accessed 20-03-11 8 June 2010 20. 13 BST, accessed 10-03-11 , accessed 16-03-11 How to cite Tesco Advertisement Analysis, Essay examples

Henry V Essay Research Paper Henry VThe free essay sample

Henry V Essay, Research Paper Henry V The function of the Chorus in the Shakespeare # 8217 ; s drama, Henry V, is important. Due to the capable affair that the drama trades with, it is difficult to show in the manner that it deserves. The Chorus helps the audience follow the drama by assisting them to visualize things as they were through the usage of imagination. It uses descriptive linguistic communication in depicting events that take topographic point in the drama. The Chorus besides helps in doing the secret plan of the drama flow together better by make fulling the clip lapses that occur between Acts of the Apostless due to the fact that the event being depicted in merely a few hours really occurred over several old ages, go forthing some spreads between events. It besides explains what happens in an act beforehand because the scenes switch around from topographic point to topographic point, and it can acquire confusing. The most of import map of the Chorus is that it encourages the audience to be patient and reminds them to utilize their imaginativeness to visualize the events that occur in the drama, to truly conceive of the royal tribunals of England and France, and to truly conceive of the conflict scenes with all the Equus caballuss and work forces. The prologue to the beginning of this drama calls upon the # 8220 ; Muse # 8221 ; to assist show the drama. The chorus explains to the audience of the troubles faced in showing this drama. It is hard to transform a little phase to stand for the English or Gallic Courts, or the battleground in France. They apologize, stating the audience, # 8220 ; But excuse, gentles all, the level unleavened liquors that hath dared on this unworthy scaffold to convey away so great an object # 8221 ; ( li 8-11 ) . It is hard to picture the life of King Henry V with all the award and glorification that he deserves when showing it on the phase. The chorus besides apologizes for the # 8220 ; crooked figure # 8221 ; of the Numberss involved in this incident. The audience is called upon to utilize their imaginativenesss in assisting to put the scene and to assist them to disregard all the incongruencies of the drama. The chorus asks the audience to visualize the armed forces and their Equus caballuss and the conflict scenes that took topographic point when watching the drama. And, that the events that happened took topographic point over several old ages, and for the interest of brevity, many parts will hold to be left out go forthing many spreads throughout the narrative, leaping from topographic point to topographic point, # 8220 ; turning the achievement of many old ages into an hourglass ; for the which to provide, acknowledge me Chorus to this history # 8221 ; ( li 30-32 ) . The Chorus will assist to make full in the spreads and to explicate what is traveling on so the audience will non acquire lost as the drama jumps about. The Chorus terminals by inquiring the audience to be patient as they view the drama. In this case, the Chorus # 8217 ; map is puting the phase for the remainder of the drama. It doesn # 8217 ; t uncover the secret plan or do any character developments. Alternatively, it serves as a go-between. Its map is to fix the audience for the drama that they are about to watch. In Act II, the map of the Chorus is to make full in the oversight of clip that has occurred since the clip when Henry made the determination to travel to war against France. The audience is informed that the English have been fixing to travel off to conflict. All the immature work forces of England are fall ining King Henry # 8217 ; s forces. The Chorus Tells of these brave work forces, # 8220 ; Now thrive the armourers, and award # 8217 ; s thought reigns entirely in the chest of every adult male # 8221 ; ( li 3-4 ) . It is out of award that these immature work forces have been driven to fall in their King to contend, and they wait in outlook. The English are described out of illustriousness, # 8220 ; O England, theoretical account to thy inward illustriousness, like small organic structure with a mighty bosom, what mightest 1000 do, that award would thee make, were all thy kids sort and natural # 8221 ; ( li16-19 ) . The Gallic, on the other manus, have found out about the En glish programs, and # 8220 ; agitate in fear. # 8221 ; They are be aftering to # 8220 ; deviate the English purposes. # 8221 ; In order to make so, they employ three corrupt English work forces, Richard Earl of Cambridge, Henry Lord Scroop of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey, knight of Northumberland, to assist France to cabal against the male monarch of England. They are to kill King Henry at Southampton before he is to put canvas for France. However, as we find out in Act II, the King finds out about the confederacy against him. He sets up to hold a test of a adult male who committed a junior-grade offense and has him set free to go on before the three plotters. He so reveals that he knows about their programs and arrests them for lese majesty. At the terminal of the prologue to Act II, the Chorus informs the audience that the scene is about to switch from London to Southampton, and so subsequently to France. The Chorus in Act III explains fo r the oversight in clip that has taken topographic point. The audience is urged to utilize their imaginativeness to make a mental image of what is taking topographic point. The Chorus uses really descriptive linguistic communication as they tell of the English fleet fixing to put canvas for France. Then the audience is told of the return of Exeter, the king’s embassador, from France where he met with the King of France. In Act II, he was sent to France to inquire the King to give up his Crown or else the English would travel to war with France. He declined, but said that he would see a counteroffer. Act II ended at that place, and now the Chorus tells that the king’s counteroffer was his girl, Katherine, and her dowery. However, Henry refused the offer, so the English set canvas for France. In the prologue to Act IV, the Chorus creates an image of the English and the Gallic cantonments. It is nighttime, and the two cantonments are waiting for the oncoming of morning, when the combat is to get down. The Gallic cantonment is described as # 8220 ; confident and over-lusty. # 8221 ; They are gathered around at their cantonment playing die, waiting uneasily for morning to come and for the combat to get down. At the English cantonment, the military personnels are non every bit confident as their enemy is. They wait for the danger that the forenoon holds for them, sad and frightened. They are cognizant that the Gallic are larger in Numberss and stronger than they are. The Chorus so gives a character development of King Henry. He is walking about from collapsible shelter to camp speaking to his soldiers. The King remains strong and confident before his work forces, giving them encouragement and assurance as he speaks with them, seeking to fix them for conflict. The Chorus giv es the audience a description, # 8220 ; Upon his royal face there is no note how apprehension an ground forces hath enrounded him ; nor doth he give one jot of colour unto the weary and all-watched dark ; but newly expressions, and overbears attaint with cheerful gloss and sweet stateliness ; that every wretch, aching and pale earlier, lay eyes oning him, gutsinesss comfort from his expressions. A largess universal, like the Sun, his broad oculus doth give to everyone, dissolving cold fright, that mean and pacify all behold, as may unworthiness define, a small touch of Harry in the dark # 8221 ; ( li 35-47 ) . The Chorus so takes the audience to the conflict scene, naming upon them to one time once more to utilize their imaginativenesss to visualize the conflict between the two states at the Battle of Agincourt. In the prologue to Act V, the Chorus, one time once more, asks the audience to conceive of certain events that have occurred since the stoping of the last act. The King has left France to travel back to London. Returning to London, King Henry # 8217 ; s Godheads wanted him # 8220 ; to hold borne his bruised helmet and his bent blade before him through the metropolis # 8221 ; ( li 17-19 ) . However, King Henry refused to make so, he wanted to be free of # 8220 ; vainness and self-glorious pride. # 8221 ; King Henry did non desire to take away from any of the glorification of God. He attributed all the triumph to God. Once he arrived in London, all of the people ran out to hearten. The Holy Roman Emperor besides came to London, from France, to recognize Henry in effort to set up some kind of peace. However, the effort was unsuccessful. The Chorus terminals by stating that King Henry has returned to France. In Act V, The two tribunals meet and discourse King Henry # 8217 ; s deman ds, his number one of which is to get married Katherine, which is granted. The drama closes with an epilogue by the Chorus. The Chorus tells how the existent event that took topographic point was much grander so that which was presented on phase. They close the narrative about the life of King Henry V by stating the audience that he had a boy, Henry VI, whom went on to win his male parent. During his boy # 8217 ; s reign, he proceeded to lose France, which has been depicted in other dramas. The Chorus has multiple maps in the drama. In act I, it set the scene and prepared the audience of what to anticipate. In act II, the Chorus sets the secret plan for the confederacy planned against the King. It besides brings out one of the major subjects that occurs throughout the drama, award. In act III, aid out with the secret plan utilizing imagination to assist the audience to visualize events taking topographic point. The prologue to move IV sets the scene up for the conflict. The Chorus besides gives the audience some penetration into the character of Henry V every bit good. The prologue to the last act fills in the oversight in clip that occurred since the conflict was won up to the point where Henry returns to France. The Epilogue closes the drama with the Chorus reminding the audience that the event depicted is difficult to show on phase due to lofty capable affair covering with such a great adult male as King Henry V. 316

Sports Medicine Essay Research Paper Participation in free essay sample

Sports Medicine Essay, Research Paper Engagement in sports is both an gratifying interest and a portion of maintaining physically and mentally fit. Some persons may merely be interested in general conditioning and weight loss, while others may desire specific exercisings for certain events. Regardless of the activity, hazards are ever involved, and today? s doctor must be able to non merely handle the assorted hurts that arise, but besides offer advocate on a broad scope of other interconnected topics. ( Berger 294 ) Sports medical specialty is the bar and intervention of hurts suffered by jocks in featuring activities. An jock is anyone who engages in any sort of athletics, from those who walk for exercising to those who play competitory athleticss. ( Darden XI ) Athletes non merely necessitate intervention for athleticss hurts but every bit good aid or advice related to athleticss activities. In the past such people would travel to their physician or manager and acquire standard medical or athletic attending. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Medicine Essay Research Paper Participation in or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now, more and more jocks are turning to experts in the field of athleticss medical specialty. ( Berger 2 ) Sports medical specialty encompasses a broad assortment of fortes. In the undermentioned study, attachment to a balanced diet, bar of hurts and first assistance, will be looked at. As good, the history and importance of athleticss medical specialty and why there is a demand for this field of medical specialty. History Sports Medicine has long been available to the injured jock. An Egyptian surgical manual written during the epoch of the Old Kingdom # 8211 ; more than 4000 old ages ago explained interventions for sprains and disruptions. Hippocrates ( 460-377 BC ) , the ancient Greek honored as the male parent of medical specialty, described surgery to mend a disjointed shoulder observing that, ? Many individuals owing to this accident have been obliged to abandon acrobatic exercises. ? ( Edelson 18 ) The thought that athletes need particular attention goes all the manner back to ancient Greece. In those yearss the athleticss medical specialty physicians were called gymnasts, a Grecian word that originally referred to those who trained and treated jocks. ( Berger 9 ) Over the undermentioned centuries athleticss medical specialty dropped in importance. Populations were decreasing due to disease, pestilences and famishment. Doctors were highly limited by the drugs and interventions that were available. They were largely concerned with the patients endurance. Since athleticss was such a little portion of day-to-day life, they saw small demand to develop this subdivision of medical specialty. ( Berger 9-10 ) These unfortunate fortunes remained the same until the terminal of the 1800? s, around the clip of re-interest in athleticss, peculiarly in the Olympics. The first book in English on athleticss medical specialty was published in 1898. ( Edelson 19 ) Three innovator athleticss scientists, Robert Osgood, P.D. Wilson, and Gus Thorndike, established the first fittingness research lab at Harvard University in 1919. ( Berger 10 ) The International Congress of Sports Medicine was founded in 1928, and the American College of Sports Medicine followed, in 1954. These organisations began the growing of a subdivision of medical specialty whose practicing professionals treat 1000000s of patients annually, in North America and abroad. ( Edelson 19 ) Nutrition Nutrition is really of import in athleticss medical specialty. For an jock to remain in top form, the organic structure must acquire a broad scope of foods to help its physiological development. The right diet is the first measure. Estimates of what constitutes a prudent diet vary slightly, but most experts agree on the rudimentss. The lone difference between what an jock and a nonathlete should eat is a somewhat higher consumption from the staff of lifes and cereal group for those who do a batch of endurance preparation. FOOD GROUP *SERVINGS PRINCIPAL FOODS Milk 3-4 Cheese, milk, yoghurt, bungalow cheese Meat 2 Meat, domestic fowl, fish, eggs ( besides beans ) Vegetables and Fruit 1 Vitamin C: citrous fruit fruits and juices 1 Vitamin Angstrom: carrots, Brassica oleracea italica, leafy vegetables 2 White murphies, other veggies Breads and Cereals 4 Whole-grain and enriched staff of lifes cereals ; rice ; pasta ; noodles Supernumeraries 2-4 Butter, veggie oils, honey, confects sweets, carbonated drinks ( * minimal figure of day-to-day helpings for immature grownups ) ( Edelson 45 ) Eating for Maximum Performance The undermentioned of import points for maximising athletic public presentation and degree of wellness were born from the big organic structure of research that has been done on proper diet and good nutrition. # 8211 ; Most jocks need a higher than mean energy, or Calorie, consumption. The best beginnings for those Calories are the grains, dried fruit, staff of lifes, and pastas. Complex saccharides are critical because they contain minerals and vitamins, as good as the elements for the basic blood sugar, glucose. Simple saccharides, in the signifier of fruit, juices, and honey, are besides valuable, although the simple 1s in confect bars and other Sweets are? empty Calories, ? without other foods. Candy bars or other such stimulations really deplete animal starch degrees. A prudent diet requires neither protein addendums nor vitamin or mineral addendums. Women athletes do necessitate to watch their Fe degrees, though, and vegetarians should confer with a physician about their particular demands, such as taking B12 vitamins Addendums s uch as salt tablets, bee pollen, wheat sources, aminic acids, and other ? magic-action? ingredients are by and large considered unneeded add-ons to a healthy diet. It is of import to replace perspiration and other fluids by imbibing big sums of H2O. ( Edelson 42 ) * Carbohydrate ingestion and remainder before an event will outdo replenish musculus animal starch. Prevention of Injuries The most effectual agencies of minimising the complications of athleticss hurts is bar, and the first measure to bar is a complete physical scrutiny. This is particularly of import for young person and should take topographic point even before conditioning Begins. Particular attending should be paid to those countries that will be most involved in the athletic activity, and all musculotendinous upsets or abnormalcies should be noted. The frequence and badness of many hurts may so be lessened by proper conditioning and readying. ( Mercier 294 ) Conditioning Proper conditioning means the development of strength, endurance, cardiovascular fittingness, power, and flexibleness. It besides includes the development of proper organic structure mechanics, signifiers, and legerity. Lower appendage hurts can by and large be lessened by beef uping exercisings. Stretching exercisings can be used to avoid muscular strains. Staying in form during the off-season may affect running stepss and jogging in topographic point at place. ( Mercier 294 ) Warming Up Get downing any activity bit by bit will cut down the incidence of hurt, particularly hurt to the muscle-tendon unit. Stretching is particularly of import to avoid strain. Flexibility is frequently diminished after a long period of inaction, and stretching is peculiarly of import when restarting a athletics. Two types of stretching exercisings may be performed. Inactive stretching is a slow, gradual stretching through full motion, and keeping at the place for 10 to twenty seconds before loosen uping. A pulling esthesis, non hurting, should be felt. Ballistic stretching, which involves rapid, insistent motions, is besides on occasion used but is by and large less effectual and may even do minor muscular cryings. It is normally non recommended. ( Mercier 295 ) Cooling Off Proper wonts after strict exercising license musculuss to chill off adequately and to dissipate heat. After running, it is normally advised non to merely stand still or lie supine but to walk for five to ten proceedingss and so rest in a seated place. This may be particularly of import for the cardiac position of the person. If the exercising is stopped suddenly, blood pooling can happen in the legs causation faint, Hypertension, and arrhythymias. ( Mercier 295 ) First Aid The American Red Cross defines foremost aid as? the immediate attention given to a individual who has been injured or has all of a sudden been taken ill. ? First assistance is immediate assistance. Every attempt should be made to acquire the injured jock to progress attention. This first assistance decision maker should stabilise the victim and so arrange for transit. A basic apprehension of self-help and place attention begins with the first assistance kit. There are many topographic points that athletes need a first assistance kit- in the auto, office, back pack, bike, and surely on the athletic field and in the conditioning room. While it can be expensive to purchase complete supplies for each location, the person can buy the supplies in majority and assemble them himself, thereby salvaging money. ( Darden 116 ) A well-equipped first assistance kit: Adhesive strips ( Band-Aids ) 70 assorted Adhesive tape 1 in. x 10 yds. Cotton balls 250 Elastic patch 3 in. x 126 yds. Roller gauze patch 2 in. x 5 yds. Safety pins Assorted sizes Scissorss Small Sterile gauze pads 15 med. , 10 lge. ( Dardin 116 ) In the universe of athleticss today, the field of athleticss medical specialty has grown because universe category and amateur jocks compete on higher degrees than of all time before. By past criterions, the demands of such intense preparation regimens on their organic structures are improbably penalizing. ( Edelson 22 ) The Red Cross stated, ? Most games, athleticss and drama activities either create or take topographic point within a state of affairs where forces destructive of tissue and bone are present. Type and badness of hurts are every bit varied, but wounds normally consequence. Unfortunately, the attempt required to forestall accidents when people are at drama frequently is ignored in the pursuit for pleasance and personal satisfaction # 8230 ; ? ( Darden 117 ) Sports doctors, trainers, managers, dieticians, and members of many other subjects are needed to assist maintain these jocks from transcending their physical bounds, prevent hurts, necessitate a balanced diet and to acquire them back into action shortly after an hurt. ( Edelson 22 ) Equally long as athleticss activities are a portion of our day-to-day modus operandi, there will everlastingly be a demand for athleticss medical specialty. Plants Cited Berger, Melvin. Sports Medicine. New York: Fitzhenry and White Side Limited, 1982. Darden, Ellington. The Athlete? s Guide To Sports Medicine. Chicago: Contemporary Books, Inc, 1981. Edelson, Edward. Sports Medicine. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988 Mercier, Lonnie. Practical Orthopedics. 4th erectile dysfunction. Toronto: Mosby-Year Book, Inc, 1995 326

Colonial Research Paper

Colonial Research Paper Colonial Research Paper Michael Hermo 10/15/13 Colonial Research Paper In the 13 colonies, the crime and crimes’ punishment was very different from today. The 13 colonies had 3 regions, New England, Middle, and Southern. Religious practices in each region differed greatly. Some religions were more strict then others, and it showed in the way they made laws and wished for people to obey them. The churches reach extended beyond their congregation and into the government of the colony itself. The reason why the justice systems differed in each of the three regions in Colonial America was because they were heavily influenced by different religious beliefs. Most of the citizens in the New England Region followed the Puritan religion. The Puritan religion was one of the more rigid religions in Colonial America. The New England region’s citizens mostly originated from England and came to the â€Å"new world,† hoping for religious freedom. The New England region consists of: Massachusetts (which included what is now Maine), New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. On days of worship, people sat in the meeting houses almost all day on small, uncomfortable wooden benches. iThe growth of the Puritans' community was very important to the church. They wanted as many people as possible and considered non-followers as a threat to their community.ii The Puritans had many principles and guidelines to obey to be a part of their community. If those guidelines were not obeyed, punishment was in order. This sense of community guidelines carried over to governing the colonies. Some people who were loyal members to the church and were consistently attending religious ceremonies were a part of the government for their employment. Therefore the Puritans had a strong influence on the decisions made in punishing criminals. For example, a common punishment for more minor crimes was to wear somewhere on your body a letter identifying the crime committed.iiiNot only did the Puritans take action on their own followers and people from their own community, but they also acted against members of the religious communities around them. Protestors of the Puritans' way of life were severely punished. The Puritans would whip, crop ears, and in some situations hang people who criticized or dissented against their community.ivThe Puritans had very high expectations of their community and the people around them, and were immensely influential in deciding laws and disciplinary acts in the government. In the Southern Region, the Anglican church was most followed. The Southern region, like the Middle region, was diverse in religion, but the Anglicans outnumbered the others. The colonies in the Southern region were: Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia. The colonies in this region were very strict when it came to religion. In Virginia, it was a law that everyone had to attend Anglican worship and be a part of that faith's community. In the Southern region, the Anglican church was recognized by the state, which meant that

The Culture of Samurai Warriors Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Culture of Samurai Warriors - Research Paper Example In addition, how did the institution of Samurai warriors affect the political system of the Japanese society? The military nobles of ancient Japan are referred to as Samurai. The term was associated with the top and the middle ranks of the Japanese society, a warrior class.1 This class of skilled warriors developed after the Taika reforms which introduced heavy taxes and the redistribution of land. This, in turn, resulted in many small farmers selling their lands and engaging in tenant farmers, since the reforms favored the owners of large tracts of land1. This system served to create a social system where there were a few wealthy farmers wielding immense power and a large population of those who had low income, namely, peasants and tenant farmers who barely had enough for themselves. Consequently, wealthy and powerful landowners and farmers required to protect their interests against the large groups of Japan citizenry who had fewer resources. This saw the birth of the Samurai warri ors tasked to protect the interest of the mighty, wealthy and powerful landowners1. While some of these Samurai warriors were hired individuals, others were the relatives of the wealthy farmers. There was a fundamental principle that guided the institution of Samurai warrior, loyalty to the master. ...The wealthy landowners have organized themselves in clans that amassed wealth by influencing the laws of the land to impose higher taxes on the peasants and the tenant farmers, to make them lose more lands to them. These organized clans eventually established protective agreements that, in turn, allowed them to wield more powers than the traditional ruling aristocracy2. These clans, some of which were made by a formation of alliances of landowners to guard themselves against the collection of taxes by the authorities, established armies to fight for them against the authorities. Such alliances and eventual establishments of armies and weaponry by the farmers’ clans finally creat ed a tradition of Japanese armor that was the basis of the foundation of the Samurai warrior institution. The Samurai grew stronger and started to collect certain taxes but eventually emerged as the political ruling power in Japan1. By 1100, the Samurai had already moved in to fill the vacant position that was left by the loss of control of the traditional Japanese aristocracy. Consequently, they wielded both political and military power over Japan6. The further factor that promoted the rise of the Samurai to power was the death of emperor Toba in 1156 without appointing an heir. His two sons struggled to rise to emperorship and ended up in a civil war in which both lost. The civil war led to the fight between two Samurai clans, the Minamoto and Taira Samurai clans, for power in which the Taira clan won. Consequently, Taira clan established the first Samurai government, and the Minamoto clan was expelled from Kyoto3.

Evaluating Performance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluating Performance - Case Study Example It helps in maintaining ownership of the company. The choice of how to run your business is your own; the lender has no say in it. Acme, being an MNE, has shareholders and the major shareholder might not want to loose control of the company. Debt financing helps in that. The impact of bank interest is also on tax deductions, if the bank is charging you 10 percent for your loan, and the government taxes you at 30 percent, then there is an advantage to taking a loan you can deduct. Take 10 percent and multiply it by (1-tax rate), in this case it's: 10 percent times (1-30 percent), which equals 7 percent. After your tax deductions, you'll be paying the equivalent of a 7 percent interest rate. (Richards, n.d.) Interest rates keep fluctuating; as Acme is investing in another country the bank may charge a higher interest rate. Also nowadays, banks have started a new thing, they don't fix the interest rate thus if conditions change and the interest rates change the banks will also charge a higher interest rate. The more you borrow, the more unstable your company may look. In other words it affects the company's credit rating. The higher your credit rating, the riskier you business looks to the lender. This way it becomes difficult to get loans when you really need them. The funds received through equity financing do not have to be paid back. The money is spent on expanding the business. Also the investors who buy share are more interested in the profitability rather than security while banks consider the security aspect the most. The cash flow generated from the business operations can be used for the business rather than paying back the lenders. The investors are interested in the business operations and can help the company in functioning properly and by giving advice. Also, they are willing to make further investments just so that the company remains profitable. The disadvantages of equity financing are: Raising equity financing is costly and time consuming. Background information is required and the time it takes to roll out the share into the market and the investors to buy is plenty. The shareholder will have bought a share of your business and will have a say in its operations. Your share in the company will then be diluted. The investor will have to be told

Economic Philosophy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic Philosophy - Term Paper Example Though there are theories that can be described as being best suited to explain crime, the question is whether it can be argued that there is the best punishment that can help reduce criminal acts in the world. It is worth noting that scholars have held different points of view concerning whether there can be a theory that can explain in totality the criminal behavior of the contemporary society. Advancing this debate, this paper uses Gary Becker point of view to argue as to whether that there can be an appropriate punishment to deal with criminal behavior in the contemporary societies. In justifying this statement the paper would utilize the four part approach centered on three theories: Rational choice theory, Strain theory, and Labeling theory. In social strain theory, Robert Merton, postulates that most individuals have very similar aspiration, however, they do not all have similar abilities or opportunities. According to this theory, whenever individuals fail to realize the expectations of the society by approved means such as delayed gratification, and hard work, such persons might attempt to achieve their success through crime. Although this theory has played a significant role in sociological theorization of crime, limitation identifies in this theory, indicate that the theory cannot explain in totality what can drive individuals into committing crime. Cohen the first critique of Robert merton theory, there is ample amount of delinquent or crime behavior that is malicious, negativistic, and non-utilitarian. This indicates that not all crimes can be explicable with the use of Merton’s theory. As much as Merton’s theory can explain well, crimes such as theft, and fraud on such basis as innovation, this the ory does not explain youth crimes that in most cases are involved in for social status reason rather than material acquisition. Moreover, Strain theory fails to address adequately issues such as gender and race and it

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Leadership in Organizational Settings Leadership can be defined as the ability to influence, motivate, and enable other people to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members (McShane, S.l., Von Glinow, 2010). The competency perspectives try to identity the characteristics of effective leaders. The leaders might have specific personality characteristics, such as positive self-concept, integrity, drive, and leadership motivation, knowledge of the business, cognitive and practical intelligence, and emotional intelligence. Besides that, the behavioural perspective of leadership identifies two types of leader behaviour, people-oriented and task-oriented (McShane, S.L., Von Glinow, M.A., 2012). The contingency perspective of leadership takes the view that effective leader diagnose the situation and adapt their style to fit the situation. There are four leadership styles in path-goal model: directive, supportive, participative, and achievement oriented and several contingencies relating to the characteristics of the employee and of the situation (Bolman Deal, 1991). According to the founders, there are two other contingency leadership theories include the situational leadership theory and Fiedlers contingency theory. Transformational leaders create a strategic vision, communicate that vision through framing and build commitment toward the vision. In this topic, cultural values also influence the leaders personal values, which is turn influence men or womens leadership practices. 1.2 Background of the Company: AirAsia In this assignment, we try to probe the leadership style of AirAsia. AirAsia is an airline company in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is focusing on low-cost with the dream of making flying possible for everyone. Tony Fernandes, the CEO of the AirAsia, who is the founder of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd. He is the one who introduced the budget no-frills airline. Now AirAsia is the largest low cost airline in Asia. AirAsia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to over 400 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is the Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) which is located at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). The vision of AirAsia is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving three billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. There are four mission of AirAsia: to be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family; to build a globally recognised ASEAN brand; to accomplish the lowest c ost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia and sustain the highest quality product, enchanting technology to reduce the cost (Company Profile of AirAsia Berhad, 2013) 2.0 CONTENT 2.1 Competency perspective of leadership Competencies encompass a broad range of personal characteristics, including knowledge, skills, abilities, and values. Personal characteristics significantly influence leadership emergence the perception that someone is a leader in a leadership situation. (Steven L. McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). Leadership competencies can be grouped into seven categories such as: Emotional intelligence The important attribute of effective leaders. The leaders ability to monitor his or her own and others emotions, discriminate among them, and use the information to guide his or her thoughts and actions. Integrity Integrity refers to the leaders truthfulness and tendency to translate words into deeds. This characteristic is sometimes called authentic leadership because the individual acts with sincerity. Drive Drive represents the inner motivation that leaders posses to pursue their goals and encourage others to move forward with theirs. Drive inspires inquisitiveness, an action orientation, and boldness to take the company into uncharted waters. Leadership motivation The leaders need for socialized power to accomplish team or organizational goals. Effective leaders try to gain power so they can influence others to accomplish goals that benefit the team or organization. Self- confidence The leaders belief in his or her own leadership skills and ability to achieve objectives. Effective leaders are typically extroverted such as outgoing, sociable, talkative, and assertive, but they also remain humble. Intelligence The leaders above-average cognitive ability to process enormous amounts of information. Leaders have superior ability to analyze a variety of complex alternatives and opportunities. Knowledge of the business The leaders tacit and explicit knowledge about the companys environment, enabling him or her to make more intuitive decisions. 2.2 Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is about leading changing the organizations strategies and culture so that they have a better fit with the surrounding environment. Transformation leaders are change agents who energize and direct employees to new set of corporate values and behaviors. They create, communicate, and model a shared vision for the team or organization, and they inspire followers to strive for that vision. Next, Transformational leadership is particularly essential in organizations that require significant alignment with the external environment. There are several elements of transformational leadership: Create a strategic vision It refers transformational leaders establish a vision of the companys future state that engages employees to achieve objectives they didnt think possible. Strategic vision creates a higher purpose or superordinate goal that energizes and unifies employees. A strategic vision might originate with leader, but it is just as likely to emerge from employees, clients, suppliers, or other stakeholders. Communicate the vision It refers transformational leaders communicate meaning and elevate the importance of the visionary goal to employees. They frame messages around a grand purpose with emotional appeal that captivates employees and other corporate stakeholders. Framing helps transformational leaders establish a common mental model so that the group or bring their visions to life through symbols, metaphors, stories, and other vehicles that transcend plain language. Metaphors borrow images of other experiences, thereby creating richer meaning of the vision that has not yet been experienced. Model the vision Modeling the vision is also important because it builds employee trust in the leader. The greater the consistency between the leaders words and actions, the more employees will believe in and be willing to follow the leader. Build commitment toward the vision Build commitment toward the vision which is transforming a vision into reality requires employee commitment. Transformational leaders words, symbols, and stories build a contagious enthusiasm that energizes people to adopt the vision as their own. Leaders demonstrate a can do attitude by enacting their vision and staying on course. Their persistence and consistency reflect an image of honesty, trust, and integrity. Lastly, leaders build commitment by involving employees in the process of shaping the organizations vision. Application Competency Perspective of Leadership 1. Leadership motivation Toni Fernandes was a leadership motivation leader. He was very accessible to the media was entirely committed to his business. He tries to gain power and influence others to accomplish goals that benefit the team or organization. For example, he wore AirAsias official T-shirt and office red rap cap to almost every official function and sometimes he will serve the customers on the plane together with employees. (Tony Fernandes, 2012) He had done this action because he wanted to motivate his employees move toward together to achieve the goals. Besides that, Tony Fernandes was an outgoing, sociable and talkative person. He gave his phone number to all the media representatives, and was himself advertisement for his company. Although he was a Group Chief Executive Officer of AirAsia, but he also remain humble in front of others. Because of his personal characteristic and attitude, he was able to achieve their companys objectives and goals. He had became a good example for his employees, so that employees willing to follow him to accomplish the goals. 2. Intelligence Tony Fernandes was an intelligence leader. He had superior ability to analyze a variety of opportunities and alternatives. He had a good vision of the future because he was exploited the markets opportunities well. AirAsias vision is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. (AirAsia Corparate Profile, 2012) Although the context was not very beneficial to enter the market, but Tony Fernandas chose to take the risk. He believed that he and his management team were able to analyze and manage the opportunities and alternatives with their intelligence. For example, Tony Fernandes had used his intelligence and finally transformed AirAsia from a heavily-indebted subsidiary into an industry player. Besides that, Tony Fernandes had started a hotel chain, Tune Hotels which is based on the no-frills concept by using his intelligence. He had involved in different industry in the marketplace. 3. Knowledge of the business Tony Fernandes had the knowledge about the business and companys environment which can enable him to make more intuitive decisions. For example, Tony Fernandes was the first person who entered the market segment of low costs and no frills. He did not take risks only by taking over AirAsia, but also in its drastic changes. Since the creation, he continually brought a lot of innovative concepts, such as, booking services for hostels, travel insurance, online booking and check-in, car rental, holiday products, credit card or medical care. He also deeply changed the business model of the airline company which is choosing a low-cost and no-frills strategy and moved down the value chain. Throughout the changes that had made by Tony Fernandes, we believe that Tony Fernandes had enough knowledge about the business. With this knowledge, he was able to achieve companys objectives and goals. 4. Drive Tony Fernandes was a leader who motivates and drives his employees (Allstars) to pursue their goals and encourage them to move forward with him. In AirAsia, Tony Fernandes had tried to introduce something in the management philosophy, where he wants people to pursue their dreams, pursue their passion. For example, Tony Fernandess childhood dreams included running an airline, owning an English football club and an owning Formula One racing team. (Tony Fernandes, 2012) Thus, Tony Fernandes decided to achieve and fulfill his dream by buying an existing airline and started to transform it into an industry player. At the same time, Tony Fernandes also encourage his employees (Allstars) to pursue their passion and drive them to move toward the goals. He had created an environment where people can learn, grow and do what turns them on. Because of this, employees were being motivated by Tony Fernandes and they started to pursue their goals together with Tony Fernandes. Transformational leadership 1. Create a strategic vision Tony Fermandes is a chief executive officer or director AirAsia Berhad and he is transformational leader because the business model of the airasia are changed by him which is Now everyone can fly a low-cost and no-frills strategy and moved down the value chain. It also has successful swiftly broken travel norms around the globe and has risen to become the best of the world. Tony Fermandes mortgaged his home and sank his savings to invest Airasia Company (Alesia Sion, 2012). Tony Fermandes have develop strategic vision of the company to which is Airasia be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. As we know that, nowadays many airplane companies come out different strategies to make their company better than competitors so he has create a good vision for doing their business once he takeover the company. Form the year 2004, Airasia had achieved the low-cost airline awards is the low cost airline in the world. It proved that he successful to accomplish his company vision. 2. Communicate the vision Next, Tony Fermandes work hard to create an environment where employees can learn, grow and do what they should do in company. He also encourages employees to pursue their passions love their jobs at AirAsia based on their environment. Besides that, the nice quoted part every month he spends a day as a baggage-handler; every two months, a day as a cabin crew; every three months, a day as a check-in clerk (Shashank Nigam, 2009) to describe he always change jobs to get experience with different department. He also established a culture department to pass the message and hold parties. The workplace are different the traditional hierarchal Asian population which open plan workplace so that all employees can meet him by anytime. 3. Model the vision He also modeled the vision of the company which is to prove that he not only talks also enacts it to let everyone fly by providing low-cost airfares. Furthermore, the CEO Airasia Tony fernandes personal credo is dream the impossible, believe the unbelievable, and never take no for an answer. There was a real example which is started AirAsia Thailand, Tony was asked by a women about she wanna be a pilot, then tony replied that if she qualify he will hire her as a pilot. Lastly, she did and became a first officer and subsequently now she is a full-time captain and flying in the plane (Chris Forrest Harvey, 2012). This show that he let everyone can fly and also let everyone have the opportunity to become his workers help them to achieve their own dreams. 4. Build commitment toward the vision Lastly, Tony fernandes build commitment toward vision which transforms the vision in reality. He desire to start low-cost airline company then he has create the good vision of the company to let everyone can fly in reality. Therefore, AirAsia keep promote promotion package with low prices for customers to enjoy low prices fly to different places. AirAsia fares are significantly lower than those other airline service providers, websites fares also cheaper than frontline counter price and having free seats promotion to give the customers opportunity to enjoy and also for those who cannot afford the prices. It is to accomplish the vision everyone can fly in reality. Besides that, He break down hierarchy to encourage employees to speak out and breaking down walls for example he sit with his employees in an open floor plan and also let his contact number to his employees so they can just call, e-mail and SMS him directly and solve it quickly which do not need go through any department. Ev en the lowest ranking officers also can have his phone number to contact him directly which means he treats everyone as equal and willing to commit to their needs (Shashank Nigam, 2009). Disadvantages One main issue in related with Air Asia in leadership in organizational settings in which the competency perspective of Tony Fernandes may have several limitations. The leadership that Tony Fernandes applied might assume that the same personal characteristics are equally important in all situations. This may be false assumption as this perspective is too complex to have universal list of traits to apply to every conditions. Other than Air Asia, Tony Fernandes is the chairman for the Queens Park Rangers Football Club. Tony Fernandes keeps defend the football club with his own competency perspective that QPR football club that the club can overcome their conflict. This shows that Tony Fernandes had used the same personal characteristics equally in all situations whether in Air Asia or the QPR football club. The second limitations would be that the leadership Tony Fernandes has might influence only peoples perception that someone is leader, not whether Tony Fernandes makes a difference to the organizations success. This perspective only shows Tony Fernandess leadership potential instead of leadership performance. Therefore, it doesnt shows that the effectiveness of Tony Fernandess leadership compares to other perspective of leadership. One issue we can see that in the Air Asia wordpress showed that Tony Fernandes had cheated on the price of the shares of Air Asia. But then it was found out by the Australians effective enforcement that Melboure Federal Court imposed a huge fine of Aussie dollars 300,00 on Air Asia and Air Asia X for this misleading website information cheating its customers concealing charges of taxes. Why does this issue happen? It is simply because the dropping by the angry customers whore also the shareholders that would not trust anymore on Tony Fernandez and Air Asia over their scamming businesses deals and unfair deals to the customers. As for transformational leadership applies by Tony Fernandes, it can be only mention in general that leaders that are transformational when they successfully bring out the change, rather than when they engage in certain behaviors we call transformational. Therefore without the success done by Tony Fernandes towards the vision of Air Asia, Tony Fernandes would not be entitled of this perspective leadership. 3.0 RECOMMENDATION Competency perspective of leadership A company can achieve success if the leader can execute that the competencies that is difficult for others to replicate. In this competency perspective of leadership, Tony should organize a team to identify new directions or actions for the whole management. Besides that, he should often organize a meeting of the employee to discuss and clarify what they will need to do differently as a result of changes in the company. Problem solving or decision making process with the management team will be another alternative for Tony to have a better competency perspective of leadership. Emotional intelligence is an important skill that a leader required to influence his/her employee to perform well in their job. Therefore, Tony should have a good management for his emotional to prevent a conflict with his employee or having a wrong perspective decision due when his emotional level is low. Good leaders know their strengths and limitations, so they able to control their emotions and behaviors. Thus, Tony needs to strive for his personal development by engaging in continuous learning. Based on the learning, Tony should be able to adapt to stressful situations and be able to maintain a balance between his work and non-work lives. Lastly, Tony should have a leadership to maximize the potential of others and motivate them to attain shared goals. He must be able to manage individual and group performance with an understanding of group dynamics and team building. Tony needs to provide the drive for his employees to make them have better work performances. He should be understanding and be empathic toward individuals emotions and be able to resolve conflicts in a respectful manner. One of the ways to motivate the employee is to create a slogan of company to improve mutual relationship between company and employees. Besides that, Tony should play as a role model with competency attributes for his employees, and that will create a drive to make them set Tony Fernandes as a target to surpass. Transformational leadership Transformational leaders have the capability to successfully achieve the objective because of four attributes which including charisma, the ability to provide inspirational motivation, the ability to stimulate intellectually, and the ability to offer individualized consideration. According to Barnerji and Krishnan (as citied in Kasturi, 2012) a good transformational leader must possess the ability of articulating a convincing and realistic vision and focus others towards a new critical path. In certain circumstances, a company may need to be redesigned to support the whole transformational leadership. As we know, create a strategic vision is a fundamental element of a transformational leader to become successful. Tony Fernandes need to create and communicate his vision thus stimulate discussions with his subordinates. For example, he may run brainstorming meetings with the subordinates to present new organizational models. With this, the employees will be more understand on the company objectives and to have better job performances. Charisma is another important component to which a leader to behaves in commendable ways that cause employees to identify with the leader. Tony also needs to be a role model for their followers with having a clear set of values and demonstrating them in every decision. The leader and followers must build a mutual trust between each other on a solid moral and ethical foundation (Covey, 2007). Besides that, the leader must create an inspirational motivation for the employees as the motivation is appealing and inspiring to employees. For example, Tony Fernandes can communicate optimism about future goals with his employees to provide a motivation for them to perform better in the work field. It is important that this visionary aspect of leadership be supported by communication skills that allow the leader to articulate his vision with precision and power in a convincing and persuasive way. Therefore, a good communication skill is required to complete this element of being a transformational leader. Furthermore, Tony should acts as a mentor or instructor to the employee and listens to their apprehensions and needs. Tony can encompass the need to respect and celebrate with the employees for their individual contribution for the company. Tony can reward to those contributed employees for their good performance in job, this can motivate the employee to have a better commitment on their job. This way not only educates the next generation of leaders, but also fulfills the individuals need for self-actualization, self-fulfillment, and self-worth. It also naturally propels followers to further achievement and growth. According to Burns (as citied in Arachchi, 2012), it show that transformational leader as reflecting the traits and behaviors are required for initiating change. These leaders need to identify themselves as change agents and take responsibility for transformation. Generally, they are risk takers and courageous, believe in and trust people, have a clear values in motivation. In other words, Tony needs to deal with complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty and share his vision with the employees. To fulfill this element, Tony should show his confidence of taking risk in doing business and prove to his employees that he has the ability to do so. With that, the employees will be influenced by his leadership and help the company to achieve the goal. Recommendations Other Relevant Theory Other than competency and transformational perspective leadership, there is another theory that can be applied by Tony Fernandes to solve the problem which is implicit leadership perspective. The competency and transformational leadership perspectives make the basic assumption that leaders make a difference. However, leadership also involves followers perception about the characteristics and behaviors of a leader. This perceptual perspective of leadership is collectively called implicit leadership theory (Steven L. McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). According to the implicit leadership theory, everyone has leadership prototypes which they use to evaluate the leaders effectiveness. Employees are more willing to allow someone to influence them as a leader if that person looks and acts like their prototype of a leader. Tony Fernandes should possess a good leadership prototype as he is the CEO of Airasia. These prototypes can be developed through socialization within the family and society, shape employees expectations and acceptance of others as leader, and this in turn affects employees willingness to serve as followers. Such leadership prototypes not only support Tony Fernandess role as a leader, they also form employees perception of the leaders effectiveness. If Tony Fernandes acts consistently with employees prototypes, they are more likely to believe that he is an effective leader. Besides that, as mentioned earlier, the leadership that Tony Fernandes applied might assume that the same personal characteristics are equally important in all situations, but this may be false assumption as this perspective is too complex to have universal list of traits to apply to every conditions. Therefore, the contingency perspective of leadership plays an important role to help Tony Fernandes to solve the problem. The contingency perspective of leadership is based on the idea that most appropriate leadership style depends on the situation. It assumes that effective leaders must be both insightful and flexible (Steven L. McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). Tony Fernandes should put efforts to choose and enact different styles to match the uncertainty situation. Moreover he must have high emotional intelligence so that he can diagnose the circumstances and match his behaviors accordingly. 4.0 CONCLUSION The studied prove that there are two leadership theories have been implementing in the company, AirAsia: competency perspective of leadership and transformational leadership. There are seven dimensions has been found in competency perspective of leadership such as emotional intelligence, integrity, drive, leadership motivation, self-confidence, intelligence and knowledge of the business. However, Tony Fernandes only apply leadership motivation, intelligence, drive and knowledge of business in his business. Emotional intelligence and drive are recommended implement to the business to prevent the conflict with the employees and to increase the team performance. For the transformational leadership, it emphasizes to create a strategic vision, communicate the vision, modeling and build commitment toward the vision. In this case, Tony Fernandes has successfully applied all the four dimensions of the transformational leadership in the business. In the recommendation part, the need to create and communicate vision thus stimulate discussion with subordinates is a must to Tony Fernandes. He also need to create an inspirational motivation for the employees and communicate with employees will help them perform better in their work field. Hence, a good communication skill is required to being a transformational leader. Besides that, Tony needs to deal with complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty and also share his vision with the employees to influence them perform well to achieve the goal. There are some points can be identified and apply to other relevant theory, for example, implicit leadership theory. Implicit leadership theory emphasize the importance of involves followers perception about the characteristics and behaviors of the leader. And this point not mentioned in the competency and transformational leadership theories.

How to Beg for Money :: essays research papers

Abe’s Poverty Guide to Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 General Advice Why?............................................................3 Cheapest Route...........................................4 Begging Tips†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.............................5 Begging vs. Borrowing...............................6 Specific Advice Begging from Parents................................7 Begging from Friends†¦.............................9 Introduction Danger Signals You NEED this guide, if you have ever experienced one of the following... †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You can’t scrape together the $20 minimum credit card payment each month. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  That great outfit you bought last week went out of style exactly three seconds after you paid for it and is now lying on your closet floor. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You’re using a credit card for necessities like hair gel and snacks because you have no cash. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to avoid your friends at school because you owe them money. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You’ve been reduced to begging your parents for chores in order to make money to pay off your bills. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You had to pawn your CD player to pay for all those cool CDs you bought last month. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Your parents give you funny looks when you leave for school wearing a $500 leather jacket, but ask them for lunch money. Warning Signals You SHOULD have this guide, if you have ever experienced one of these: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You’ve really really wanted to go out one night, but simply couldn’t find the money. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The above, but you couldn’t even afford to rent a movie, instead. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You’ve ever given rolled coins to a gas attendant. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Someone has asked you for a dollar, and you turned and said, â€Å"No, but can I have the quarter in your hand?† It is because of the poor misfortunate folks who have dealt with these symptoms, and the terrible image that they are portraying to the rest of the world that I have chosen to do a manual on how to live rich without money. I, myself, am always broke. Never do I have money, but I still manage to make the world think that I have all the money I want. Today, I am going to share my secrets with you. Remember, though, this is not a step-by-step tutorial, as there is no possible way I could predict every incident and all people are different when it comes to their money. This is just a guide, a helper, to help you be well on your way to free success. Please use the convenient table of contents to help you find exactly what you need for the situation you find yourself in. Carry this manual everywhere you go, and if you are ever about to make any monetary transactions, stop, take a deep breath, and double check that you are doing the right thing.

Abusing power

Abusing of power Introduction Handing too much power can gain lots of benefits to organizations' own. People would be define that power are an evil force which can only compromise and obedience. If not Justify the power for an organization, corrupt and uncooperative works could be occurred. Such a view, Prefer (1992, pop), noted that while held by many, ignore the social reality that organizations cannot function effectively because of abusing of power. This issue tells the characteristics that organizations or people who abused power would have and measures the power are good using or abused.Analysis Power is an authority use to influence others that who are independent in circumstance. It can act In any direction in an organization, clearly members at higher levels have more power. Members who abused power, means the power acted in an improper way, due to the members have power that over others in the situation. They try to use their unique ablest such as physical strength, social position, knowledge, superior mental dexterity or partner trust to uses that power to harm or exploit people who are not Influenced. Organizational politics are Informal, unofficial, and sometimes behind-the-scenes efforts to sell ideas, influence an organization, increase power, or achieve other targeted objective. † (Brandon, R & Salesman, M. , 2004). Actually, organizational politics are closely related to abuse of power in theory. The writer considered that while interest are eventually inconsistent, â€Å"rational† decision making alone may not work as common. Hence, political behavior and influences tactics might occurred.Organizations may use these disapproved tactics to pursue not-sanctioned outcome, leads to abusing of power. Gangs and Murray did a survey of 428 managers that would like to response explain the ambivalence of power In organizations. This survey Improved the upper part of the Issue that organizational politics and power abusive are related. In th e concept, most author, the writer Includes, regard organizational politics as the use or exercise of power, with it define as potential force as well.The survey noted that 55% of these respondent think that politics were detrimental to efficiency, and most of the top management should try to get avoid of politics in organizations Offer Gangs and Victor V, Murray, 1980, IPPP-IPPP People would also suggest that means and ends of the organizational politics could be ambivalence because of the processes and trainees may produce an outcome they desirable or totally opposite result arises. In addition, for the related point which the issue proposed, the view from which people estimate organizational decisions generally do not Justice to the realities of the social environment. The Impeachment of Tony Blair would form a fitting end too prime minister ship which opened with the promise to be ‘purer than pure', but ended in the arrogant deception of the British people. This ancient fo rm of trial, which has lain disused but not defunct In the armory with which we defend our liberties, Is the means by which Parliament can humble a chief minister who has arrogated forms which ought to have restrained him. â€Å"(Spectator, 2004). There is no doubt that influence and power could be exercised and gained for evil purpose.Tony Blair has a number of lines of defenses to make people compromise him that reads the evidence presented by Adam Price, acted in good faith to convince them and, he bring up a right result, even if the reasons which he declared for doing it were wrong. This showed up Tony Blair abusing of his power with a sanction ends but unacceptable means. The means to any ends are merely way to complete something and the end ay not always Justify the means, though none of it would like to discredit the political activities.Political activities and power courses can be used to complete great things, but when other people use these power to against one selves t arget, it may be define as power abusive. To discuss how organizational politics would abuse power, Machiavellian (Christie & Gets, 1970), as the harder side of the politics, explain the mainly concept about how people who abused power would be in fact. It often called Mach, is a personality feature which is characterized with the use of operation to gain power.The term derives from the 16th-century writings of the Italian civil servant Niccole Machiavelli, a person who concerned that how people win others' social influence and the capacity to manipulate them Cones, Daniel N. ; Phallus, Deadly L. , 2009, pappy-273). It could be define as ‘low Mach's' and ‘high Mach's' which also separate people who are highly act as a Machiavellian or Just have a trend of it. Hover ever, both high Mach's and low Mach's are using undesirable means to achieve the ends they wanted, no matter it would expense the others.But compared with low Mach's, high Mach's individuals are more likely to exploit and manipulate others (House & Howell, 1992, IPPP-108), which causes this trait especially relevant for knowing as abusive supervisors. (Machiavellian in Organizations: Justifying the Means by the Ends, 2010) found that high Mach's are those who would be persuade others more than low Mach's but not easily persuaded, because of eventually high Mach's are self-esteem and self-confidence. What's more, they considered highly to manipulate other and succeed in reaching their goals and tend to win more.People who are high Mach tend to be unattached, cool, calculated and find means to exploit loose construction or vulnerability in people. High Mach's parade in face-to-face settings that are finite structure and rules and while emotions owns not much value to achieve their goal. As a result, high Mach's are best accord with professions that acquired their ‘do whatever it takes' attitude such as staff for sales offer higher commission. (Hitler – A Modern Machiavellian P rince, 2011) mentioned that Doll Hitler is a symbol person who related to high Mach's. He deem that people to scare or hate of him are better than adore him.This concept may reflects to unattached and cool feature of Machiavellian to abuse their power. For instance, Jews are despite by Hitler, his actions confirm Machiavellian theory because he was scared by millions of people around the whole social world but also he was the only one controlled power. Indeed, study by Dialing and colleagues (2009, pappy-257) also proved that high Mach's have interpersonal acts akin to harm other and abuse power. Hitler gone to such an extent to complete his political ends that he had the holocaust arise, killing over six million Jews in a variety of concentration camps and hungers.The fact refers to high Mach's act very much for their own self- order to achieve one's goal are presented as characteristic of Machiavellian as well. Nazi party, which set up by Hitler, act as a high Mach's behavior and matched with the theory of grouping people. According to Doll Hitler, it is exactly high Mach's would not feel guilty about the social tactics they utilized, from their characteristics, the writer considered that they are likely to use their over power such as cruelness to other and form alliances to treat people to compliance and after all, due to abusive the power.Though the ends are reasonable or not, people must be not abused their rower to gain their self-interest, all in all, it is, unfair of any of people. Summary Russell Cropland, K. &Michele Kumar (1995, pappy-837) said that â€Å"Given the power of the fair and moral social identity to prevent power erosion, it is in each member's long term best-interest to protect their identity. † From the previous detail that the writer mentioned, it may know power is a force which people use to influence others and it could be define as using good of it and, abuse of it as the topic mainly tells about.Abusing of power is related to organizational politics, measured by influence means and ends. Machiavellian, a concept by Machiavelli, typically notes people act in not-sanctioned means to achieve a ends, no matter it is good or not because high Mach's are only finding the ends for their self-interest and pointed out they are abused power. As the Russell K & Michele Camas's thoughts, power should be divided by each organization or people with following the rational rules of the world, if not, then relationship of the social system would be depreciate and it may affect that works inefficiency as well.

The Meaning of Literature - William J. Long

The Meaning of Literature - William J. Long from English Literature: Its History and Its Significance for the Life of the English Speaking World (1909) William J. Long uses the analogy of a boy and man walking along a seashore and finding a shell. Heres what he writes about books, reading, and the meaning of literature... The Shell and the Book A child and a man were one day walking on the seashore when the child found a little shell and held it to his ear. Suddenly he heard sounds,strange, low, melodious sounds, as if the shell were remembering and repeating to itself the murmurs of its ocean home. The childs face filled with wonder as he listened. Here in the little shell, apparently, was a voice from another world, and he listened with delight to its mystery and music. Then came the man, explaining that the child heard nothing strange; that the pearly curves of the shell simply caught a multitude of sounds too faint for human ears, and filled the glimmering hollows with the murmur of innumerable echoes. It was not a new world, but only the unnoticed harmony of the old that had aroused the childs wonder. Some such experience as this awaits us when we begin the study of literature, which has always two aspects, one of simple enjoyment and appreciation, the other of analysis and exact description. Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a noble book to the heart, and for the moment, at least, we discover a new world, a world so different from our own that it seems a place of dreams and magic. To enter and enjoy this new world, to love good books for their own sake, is the chief thing; to analyze and explain them is a less joyous but still an important matter. Behind every book is a man; behind the man is the race; and behind the race are the natural and social environments whose influence is unconsciously reflected. These also we must know, if the book is to speak its whole message. In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to understand as well as to enjoy literature; and the first step, since exact definition is impossible, is to determine some of its essential qualities. Meaning: The Shell and the BookQualities of LiteratureImportance of LiteratureSummery The first significant thing is the essentially artistic quality of all literature. All art is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty; or rather, it is the reflection of some truth and beauty which are in the world, but which remain unnoticed until brought to our attention by some sensitive human soul, just as the delicate curves of the shell reflect sounds and harmonies too faint to be otherwise noticed. A hundred men may pass a hayfield and see only the sweaty toil and the windrows of dried grass; but here is one who pauses by a Roumanian meadow, where girls are making hay and singing as they work. He looks deeper, sees truth and beauty where we see only dead grass, and he reflects what he sees in a little poem in which the hay tells its own story: Yesterdays flowers am I,And I have drunk my last sweet draught of dew.Young maidens came and sang me to my death;The moon looks down and sees me in my shroud,The shroud of my last dew.Yesterdays flowers that are yet in meMust needs make way for all to-morrows flowers.The maidens, too, that sang me to my deathMust even so make way for all the maidsThat are to come.And as my soul, so too their soul will beLaden with fragrance of the days gone by.The maidens that to-morrow come this wayWill not remember that I once did bloom,For they will only see the new-born flowers.Yet will my perfume-laden soul bring back,As a sweet memory, to womens heartsTheir days of maidenhood.And then they will be sorry that they cameTo sing me to my death;And all the butterflies will mourn for me.I bear away with meThe sunshines dear remembrance, and the lowSoft murmurs of the spring.My breath is sweet as childrens prattle is;I drank in all the whole earths fruitfulness,To make of it the fragrance of my soulTh at shall outlive my death. One who reads only that first exquisite line, Yesterdays flowers am I, can never again see hay without recalling the beauty that was hidden from his eyes until the poet found it. In the same pleasing, surprising way, all artistic work must be a kind of revelation. Thus architecture is probably the oldest of the arts; yet we still have many builders but few architects, that is, men whose work in wood or stone suggests some hidden truth and beauty to the human senses. So in literature, which is the art that expresses life in words that appeal to our own sense of the beautiful, we have many writers but few artists. In the broadest sense, perhaps, literature means simply the written records of the race, including all its history and sciences, as well as its poems and novels; in the narrower sense literature is the artistic record of life, and most of our writing is excluded from it, just as the mass of our buildings, mere shelters from storm and from cold, are excluded from architecture. A history or a work of science may be and sometimes is literature, but only as we forget the subject-matter and the presentation of facts in the simple beauty of its expression. Suggestive The second quality of literature is its suggestiveness, its appeal to our emotions and imagination rather than to our intellect. It is not so much what it says as what it awakens in us that constitutes its charm. When Milton makes Satan say, Myself am Hell, he does not state any fact, but rather opens up in these three tremendous words a whole world of speculation and imagination. When Faustus in the presence of Helen asks, Was this the face that launched a thousand ships? he does not state a fact or expect an answer. He opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of music, love, beauty, heroism,the whole splendid world of Greek literature. Such magic is in words. When Shakespeare describes the young Biron as speaking In such apt and gracious wordsThat aged ears play truant at his tales, he has unconsciously given not only an excellent description of himself, but the measure of all literature, which makes us play truant with the present world and run away to live awhile in the pleasant realm of fancy. The province of all art is not to instruct but to delight; and only as literature delights us, causing each reader to build in his own soul that lordly pleasure house of which Tennyson dreamed in his Palace of Art, is it worthy of its name. Permanent The third characteristic of literature, arising directly from the other two, is its permanence. The world does not live by bread alone. Notwithstanding its hurry and bustle and apparent absorption in material things, it does not willingly let any beautiful thing perish. This is even more true of its songs than of its painting and sculpture; though permanence is a quality we should hardly expect in the present deluge of books and magazines pouring day and night and to know him, the man of any age, we must search deeper than his history. History records his deeds, his outward acts largely; but every great act springs from an ideal, and to understand this we must read his literature, where we find his ideals recorded. When we read a history of the Anglo-Saxons, for instance, we learn that they were sea rovers, pirates, explorers, great eaters and drinkers; and we know something of their hovels and habits, and the lands which they harried and plundered. All that is interesting; but it do es not tell us what most we want to know about these old ancestors of ours,not only what they did, but what they thought and felt; how they looked on life and death; what they loved, what they feared, and what they reverenced in God and man. Then we turn from history to the literature which they themselves produced, and instantly we become acquainted. These hardy people were not simply fighters and freebooters; they were men like ourselves; their emotions awaken instant response in the souls of their descendants. At the words of their gleemen we thrill again to their wild love of freedom and the open sea; we grow tender at their love of home, and patriotic at their deathless loyalty to their chief, whom they chose for themselves and hoisted on their shields in symbol of his leadership. Once more we grow respectful in the presence of pure womanhood, or melancholy before the sorrows and problems of life, or humbly confident, looking up to the God whom they dared to call the Allfather. All these and many more intensely real emotions pass through our souls as we read the few shining fragments of verses that the jealous ages have left us. It is so with any age or people. To understand them we must read not simply their history, which records their deeds, but their literature, which records the dreams that made their deeds possible. So Aristotle was profoundly right when he said that poetry is more serious and philosophical than history; and Goethe, when he explained literature as the humanization of the whole world. Meaning: The Shell and the BookQualities of LiteratureImportance of LiteratureSummery So, why is Literature important? How does it show itself as indispensable to a culture? Heres what William Long has to say... Importance of Literature It is a curious and prevalent opinion that literature, like all art, is a mere play of imagination, pleasing enough, like a new novel, but without any serious or practical importance. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Literature preserves the ideals of a people; and idealslove, faith, duty, friendship, freedom, reverenceare the part of human life most worthy of preservation. The Greeks were a marvelous people; yet of all their mighty works we cherish only a few ideals,ideals of beauty in perishable stone, and ideals of truth in imperishable prose and poetry. It was simply the ideals of the Greeks and Hebrews and Romans, preserved in their literature, which made them what they were, and which determined their value to future generations. Our democracy, the boast of all English-speaking nations, is a dream; not the doubtful and sometimes disheartening spectacle presented in our legislative halls, but the lovely and immortal ideal of a free and equal manhood, preserved as a most precious heritage in every great literature from the Greeks to the Anglo-Saxons. All our arts, our sciences, even our inventions are founded squarely upon ideals; for under every invention is still the dream of Beowulf, that man may overcome the forces of nature; and the foundation of all our sciences and discoveries is the immortal dream that men shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. In a word, our whole civilization, our freedom, our progress, our homes, our religion, rest solidly upon ideals for their foundation. Nothing but an ideal ever endures upon earth. It is therefore impossible to overestimate the practical importance of literature, which preserves these ideals from fathers to sons, while men, cities, governments, civilizations, vanish from the face of the earth. It is only when we remember this that we appreciate the action of the devout Mussulman, who picks up and carefully preserves every scrap of paper on which words are written, because the scrap may perchance contain the name of Allah, and the ideal is too enormously important to be neglected or lost. Meaning: The Shell and the BookQualities of LiteratureImportance of LiteratureSummery So, to sum up, William Long explains that Literature is the expression of life... Summary of the Subject We are now ready, if not to define, at least to understand a little more clearly the object of our present study. Literature is the expression of life in words of truth and beauty; it is the written record of mans spirit, of his thoughts, emotions, aspirations; it is the history, and the only history, of the human soul. It is characterized by its artistic, its suggestive, its permanent qualities. Its two tests are its universal interest and its personal style. Its object, aside from the delight it gives us, is to know man, that is, the soul of man rather than his actions; and since it preserves to the race the ideals upon which all our civilization is founded, it is one of the most important and delightful subjects that can occupy the human mind. Meaning: The Shell and the BookQualities of LiteratureImportance of LiteratureSummery